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Educational Resources
A cell is the basic building block of living things.
… … A cell is the basic building block of living things. All cells can be sorted into one of two groups: eukaryotes and … not. Plants and animals are made of numerous eukaryotic cells, while many microbes, such as bacteria, consist of single cells. An adult human body is estimated to contain between 10 …
Educational Resources
The plasma membrane, also called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
… called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the … called the cell membrane, is the membrane found in all cells that separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment. In bacterial and plant cells, a cell wall is attached to the plasma membrane on its …
News Release
A the largest genomics study of clear cell endometrial cancer (CCEC) tumors has identified mutations in the TAF1 gene.
… NHGRI.  Dr. Bell and her team isolated DNA from tumor cells and from normal cells from patients with CCEC. Their goal was to identify genetic mutations in CCEC tumor cells that are absent from normal cells. The team sequenced …
News Release
TCF1 (for T cell factor-1) is essential for the creation and persistence of disease-fighting antibodies in the bloodstream.
… presence is necessary for the generation of white blood cells called T follicular helper (TFH) cells in response to a viral infection. These TFH cells then interact with another type of white blood cell - …
Fact Sheet
A variety of approaches target the blood stem cells to relieve or reduce your symptoms of sickle cell disease.
… of treatments A variety of approaches target the blood stem cells to reduce your symptoms of sickle cell disease.  Gene therapies use your own stem cells, while bone marrow transplants use the stem cells …
Research at NHGRI
The Democratizing Education for Sickle Cell Disease Gene Therapy project utilizes a deliberative stakeholder-engagement approach to develop patient educational materials for sickle cell disease gene therapy.
News Release
NHGRI researchers seek help from people with Sickle Cell Disease to find the factors - environmental, social and genetic - that impact the severity of symptoms.
… These and other symptoms result when mutated red blood cells take a sickle shape, blocking blood flow and decreasing … to improve our understanding of the disease." Normal blood cells (left) and the blood cells in Sickle cell disease, which do not flow through the …
Fact Sheet
Today, gene therapy for sickle cell disease is considered experimental and only available to you if you participate in a clinical trial.
… leaving) a clinical trial.  …  Step 4: Preparation for stem cell collection (~90 days)  Gene therapy requires stem cells to be collected from your bone marrow or blood, taken …
Talking Glossary
Cell-free DNA testing is a laboratory method that involves analyzing free (i.e., non-cellular) DNA contained within a biological sample, most often to look for genomic variants associated with a hereditary or genetic disorder.
Fact Sheet
Currently, there are different gene therapy approaches available through clinical trials.
… Hemoglobin types and sickle cell disease  Your red blood cells contain hemoglobin , a protein that carries oxygen. Red … types of hemoglobin that make up red blood cells. … Blood stem cells (also called hematopoietic stem cells) are cells that can develop into any …