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Comparative genomics is a field of biological research in which researchers compare the complete genome sequences of different species.
… By carefully comparing characteristics that define various organisms, researchers can pinpoint regions of similarity and … Human Genome Project sequenced the genomes of a number of model organisms that are commonly used as surrogates in … as ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) and modENCODE (model organism Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) have compared …
News Release
A genetic mutation that triggers bladder cancer in dogs is identical to a mutation that is implicated in multiple human cancers.
… way that canines may come to our aid-as a powerful animal model for research into human cancer. … A genetic mutation … cancers are similar, and dogs already have served as a model in cancer research. They were central to immune system … Occurring Canine Bladder Cancer-Evidence for a Relevant Model System and Urine-based Diagnostic Test , Molecular …
News Release
Scientists are using an exciting gene editing tool called CRISPR/Cas9 to protect plants from harmful DNA viruses, strengthening the plant's protections.
… system has previously been adapted for use in many organisms, and this latest iteration develops gene-editing … economic losses. After looking at the machinery of simple organisms like bacteria, scientists set out to answer whether … species was chosen because it is well understood as a model organism, and new findings can be easily applied to …
Fact Sheets
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a molecule that contains the biological instructions that make each species unique.
… with the instructions it contains, is passed from adult organisms to their offspring during reproduction. … In organisms called eukaryotes, DNA is found inside a special … the nucleus. Because the cell is very small, and because organisms have many DNA molecules per cell, each DNA molecule …
Fact Sheet
Viruses are bundles of genetic material wrapped in a protein coat that can infect living things.
… in viral transmission. … How do viruses infect living organisms?   Viruses have proteins on their surface that … particles that are halfway between living and nonliving organisms. They are so small (a millionth of a millimeter) …
News Release
NIH researchers identified a novel role for a gene known as heat shock protein 60, finding it is critical in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
… dramatically accelerates wound closure in a diabetic mouse model. … The study also describes the mechanism by which this … that the molecule might also be involved in an organisms' ability to regenerate. Using zebrafish - an ideal model for this work because fish can regenerate many tissues, …
News Release
Genome: Unlocking Life's Code exhibition is going on tour after having completed a 14-month engagement at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
… to regulate life. Visitors will see a three-dimensional model of a human genome and watch interviews with Human …
Research Funding
NHGRI is initiating a new program-the Impact of Genomic Variation on Function (IGVF) Consortium to develop a framework for systematically understanding the effects of genomic variation on genome function and how these effects shape phenotypes.
News Release
NIH researchers have identified a gene that makes yeast resistant to a lethal toxin.
… mechanisms underlying resistance to toxins in simple organisms, such as yeast. A particularly important way that organisms vary is in how much they’re affected by toxins.  … Research Institute (NHGRI), part of NIH, used yeast as a model organism. While researchers have long known about …
Profile
Dr. Pavan looks back on his career at NHGRI, highlights pivotal moments and shares his future plans in artistic woodworking and community mediation.
… gene from a screen or from observing a trait in an animal model, and then we explored what that gene did. That would …