Genome Statute and Legislation Database
The Genome Statute and Legislation Database is comprised of state statutes and bills introduced during the 2002-2024 U.S. state legislative sessions.
State | Primary Link | Topic(s) | Bill Status Sort descending | Summary |
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New Jersey | State StatuteNew Jersey: NJS 10:5-5 and 10:5-12(a) | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | It is an unlawful employment practice to refuse to hire or employ or to bar or to discharge or require to retire from employment such individual or to discriminate against such individual in compensation or in terms, conditions or privileges of employment based on genetic information or because of the refusal to submit to a genetic test. |
Virginia | State StatuteVirginia: Code of Va. 40.1-28.7:1 | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | An employer may not request, require, solicit or administer a genetic test as a condition of employment or refuse to hire, fail to promote, discharge or otherwise adversely affect any terms or conditions of employment of any employee or prospective employee solely on the basis of a genetic characteristic or the results of a genetic test, regardless of how the employer obtained such information or results. An employee may bring an action in a court of competent jurisdiction over an employer who took adverse action against the employee. |
Connecticut | State StatuteConnecticut: CGA 38a 476 and 816 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Any hospital and medical expense incurred policy, hospital or medical service plan contract and health care center subscriber contract providing individual or group health_insurance_coverage may not refuse to insure, continue to insure, limit coverage, or charge an individual a different rate because of genetic information. In this type of coverage and all health insurance plans pre-existing condition exclusions may not be based on genetic information in the absence of a diagnosis. |
Minnesota | State StatuteMinnesota: MS 62V.06 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Privacy | Statute | The law requires the Minnesota Insurance Marketplace to provide any data subject asked to supply private data with a notice of rights related to the handling of genetic information. The Minnesota Insurance Marketplace is a state health benefit exchange as described in section 1311 of the federal Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (Public Law 111-148), and further defined through amendments to the act and regulations issued under the act. |
Rhode Island | State StatuteRhode Island: RIGL 27-18-52, 27-18-52.1, 27-19-44, 27-19-44.1, 27-… | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Privacy, Research | Statute | Insurance administrators, health plans and providers of accident and sickness insurance, nonprofit hospital corporations, nonprofit medical service corporations, and HMOs are prohibited from releasing genetic information without prior written authorization. Individuals participating in research settings governed by the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human research Subjects are exempt. Tests conducted purely for research are excluded from the requirements set forth, as are tests for somatic (as opposed to heritable) mutations, and testing for forensic purposes. An individual or group health insurance contract, plan or policy (excluding disability income, long term care and insurance supplemental policies) may not use a genetic test or genetic information or request for genetic tests or genetic information or the results of a genetic test for specified purposes, including for underwriting. Provisions pertaining to the release the results of a genetic test or genetic information do not apply to releases in a format whereby individual identifiers are removed, encrypted, or encoded so that the identity of the individual is not disclosed. Authorization is required for each re-disclosure except for participating in research settings governed by the Federal Policy for the Protection of Human research Subjects. |
California | State StatuteCalifornia: Cal. Civil Code 56.265 | Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A person who underwrites or sells an annuity contract or contracts insuring, guaranteeing, or indemnifying against loss, harm, damage, illness, disability, or death, and any affiliate of that person or entity, shall not disclose individually identifiable information concerning the medical or genetic history of a customer for use with regard to granting credit. |
Maryland | State StatuteMaryland: Md. State Government Code 20-601 et seq. | Employment Nondiscrimination, Privacy | Statute | An employer may not (1) discriminate against any individual because of genetic information or because of an individuals refusal to submit to a genetic test or provide the results of a genetic test, (2) limit, segregate, or classify its employees or applicants because of genetic information or the individual's refusal to submit to a genetic test or provide the results of a genetic test, or (3) request or require a genetic test as a condition of hiring or determining benefits. |
New York | State StatuteNew York: NYCL (EDN) 363 | Other Topics | Statute | Requires the state university of New York to issue a request for proposals to partner with hospitals both within the state university of New York and other not-for-profit hospitals and non-profit higher education research institutions to map the genomes of individuals suffering from or at risk of Alzheimer's. |
Wyoming | State StatuteWyoming: WSA 26-19-107 and 26-19-306 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A policy of group or blanket disability insurance or health benefit plan covering small employers may not treat genetic information as a pre-existing condition in the absence of a diagnosis or establish rules for eligibility or continued eligibility based on a health status-related factor, including genetic information. These entities also may not deny eligibility, or adjust premium or contribution rates based on genetic testing information of an individual or family member or request or require predictive genetic testing information about an individual or family member except as needed for diagnosis, treatment, or payment purposes. |
Florida | State StatuteFlorida: FS 448.075 et seq. | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | No person, firm, corporation, unincorporated association, state agency, unit of local government, or any public or private entity shall deny or refuse employment to any person or discharge any person from employment solely because such person has the sickle-cell trait. These entities also may not require screening or testing for the sickle-cell trait as a condition for employment. |
Kansas | State StatuteKansas: KSA 72-6214 | Privacy | Statute | Prohibits school districts from collecting biometric data from a student, including a DNA sequence, unless the student, if an adult, or the parent or legal guardian of the student, if a minor, consents in writing. |
Nebraska | State StatuteNebraska: NRS 44-787 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A health carrier that decides to discontinue offering a particular type of individual policy or contract in the state and offer another option of coverage must act uniformly without regard to health status-related factors related to any covered individual, including genetic information. A health carrier offering a network health plan must terminate coverage uniformly, as permitted, without regard to health status-related factors, including genetic information. |
Tennessee | State StatuteTennessee: TC 56-7-2802 and 56-7-2804 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Under the Health Insurance Portability, Availability and Renewal Act group health plans and other issuing group health_insurance_coverage may not base rules for eligibility or continued eligibility on a health status-related factor, including genetic information. |
Arizona | State StatuteArizona: ARS 1-602 | Privacy | Statute | Parents must consent in writing before any record of the minor child's blood or deoxyribonucleic acid is created, stored or shared, with some exceptions such as newborn screening. |
Idaho | State StatuteIdaho: IC 41-1313 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | With respect to disability insurance or any health benefit plan, no person may discriminate on the basis of a genetic test or private genetic information in the issuance of coverage or the fixing of rates, terms or conditions. |
Louisiana | State StatuteLouisiana: LRS 22:1964 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | It is an unfair method of competition and deceptive act and practice in the business of insurance to discriminate against an insured, enrollee, or beneficiary in the issuance, payment of benefits, withholding of coverage, cancellation or nonrenewal of a policy, contract, plan, or program based upon the results of a genetic test or receipt of genetic information. Actions of an insurer or third parties dealing with an insurer taken in the ordinary course of business in connection with the sale, issuance or administration of a life, disability income, or long-term care insurance policy are exempt from the law. |
Nevada | State StatuteNevada: NRS 689A.417, 689A.545, 689A.585, 689B.420, 689B.450, 689B… | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A health maintenance organization, a carrier serving small employers, a corporation that provides health insurance, individual health insurers and group health insurers may not (1) require an insured person or family member to take a genetic test or disclose whether one has been taken or (2) determine the rates or any other aspect of the coverage or benefits based on genetic information or whether the insured person or member of his family has taken a genetic test. These entities may not establish rules of eligibility based on a health status-related factor, including genetic information, or impose a pre-existing condition exclusion based on genetic information in the absence of a diagnosis. The provisions to not apply to any of the above entities in terms of the issuance of a policy of health insurance that provides coverage for long-term care or disability income. Insurers or organizations that provide health coverage pursuant to sections 689A, 689B, 689C, 695A, 695B, 695C, 695D, and 695F must comply with the federal law, the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. |
Utah | State StatuteUtah: UC 53A-1-1401 et seq. | Privacy | Statute | Governs the use of biometric identifiers, including human biological samples used for valid scientific testing or screening, by educational entities. |
California | State StatuteCalifornia: Cal. Insurance Code 10146 et seq. | Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Tests for genetic characteristics may not be required to determine insurability for life and disability income insurance except for policies contingent on review or testing for other diseases and conditions and only with informed consent. Policies may only limit benefits otherwise payable if loss is caused or contributed to by the presence or absence of genetic characteristics if the insurer imposes limitations for other medical conditions that present an increased risk. A life or disability income insurer may not request a genetic test to determine eligibility for hospital, medical or surgical insurance coverage or coverage under a nonprofit hospital service or health care service plan. The statutes set forth civil and criminal penalties for violations. |
Michigan | State StatuteMichigan: MCL 37.1201 et seq. | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | An employer may discriminate against an individual because of genetic information that is unrelated to the individual's ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position. An employer also may not require an individual to submit to a genetic test or provide genetic information as a condition of employment or promotion. An employee may voluntarily submit genetic information that is relevant to health and safety in the workplace, and an employer may use genetic information submitted for that purpose. |
Ohio | State StatuteOhio: ORC 3901.21, 3901.41 and 3901.501 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | It is an unfair and deceptive act or practice in the business of insurance to engage in any underwriting standard or other practice that due solely to any health status-related factor, including genetic information, terminates or fails to renew an existing individual policy, contract, plan of health benefits, or a health benefit plan issued to an employer, for which an individual would otherwise be eligible, or, with respect to a health benefit plan issued to an employer, excludes or causes the exclusion of an individual from coverage under an existing employer-provided policy, contract, or plan of health benefits. Insurers issuing accident and sickness insurance, self-insurers or public employee health benefit plans may not consider information obtained from genetic screening or testing in processing an application or in determining insurability or inquire into the results of genetic screening or testing or use such information to cancel, refuse to issue or renew, or limit benefits. The superintendent of insurance has the authority to investigate violations of this provision. |
Arkansas | State StatuteArkansas: Ark. Code 23-66-320 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Insurers except those offering life, disability income and long-term care plans may not request or require an individual or family member to obtain a genetic test for the purpose of determining eligibility, establishing premiums, limiting, renewing or terminating coverage, or another other underwriting activity or condition a policy on an individual taking a genetic test. |
Iowa | State StatuteIowa: IC 514J.101 et seq. | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A health carrier to notify a covered person of the right to request an external review and include appropriate statements and information in the written notice of a final adverse decision. Health carriers also must include with the notice an authorization form or other document developed by the state that complies with the federal Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act. |
Maryland | State StatuteMaryland: Md. Criminal Procedure 17-101 et seq. | Other Topics | Statute | Establishes requirements for the use of genetic genealogical DNA analysis for criminal justice purposes. |
New Jersey | State StatuteNew Jersey: NJS 17:48-6.18, 17:48A-6.11, 17:48E-15.2, 17B-26-3.2, … | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Individual or group hospital service corporations and individual or group medical or health service corporations providing hospital or medical expense benefits, individual health insurance policies, group health insurance policies, and contracts for health care services may not exclude any person or eligible dependent or establish any rates or terms on the basis of any genetic characteristic. |
Virginia | State StatuteVirginia: Code of Va. 38.2-508.4 and 38.2-613 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Privacy | Statute | A person proposing to issue, re-issue, or renew accident and sickness insurance, excluding disability income insurance, issued by any insurer providing hospital, medical and surgical or major medical coverage on an expense incurred basis, a corporation providing a health services plan, or an HMO providing a health care plan may not on the basis of any genetic information or a request for genetic services (1) terminate, restrict, limit, or otherwise apply conditions to coverage of an individual or restrict the sale to an individual, (2) cancel or refuse to renew the coverage of an individual, (3) exclude an individual from coverage, (4) impose a waiting period, (5) require inclusion of a rider that excludes coverage for certain benefits and services, (6) establish differentials in premium rates for coverage, or (7) disclose any genetic information about an individual or his/her family member collected or received in connection with any insurance transaction unless the disclosure is made with the written authorization of the individual. |
Connecticut | State StatuteConnecticut: CGA 46a 60 | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | It is a discriminatory practice for an employer, an employment agency, or for any labor organization to request or require genetic information from an employee, a person seeking employment or a member. These entities may not discharge, expel or otherwise discriminate against any person on the basis of genetic information. |
Minnesota | State StatuteMinnesota: MS 72A.139 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A health plan company in determining eligibility for coverage, establishing premiums, limiting coverage, renewing coverage, or any other underwriting decision may not (1) require or request an individual or his or her blood relative to take a genetic test, (2) make any inquiry about a genetic test or what the results of any such test were, or (3) take into consideration the fact that a genetic test was taken or refused or the results of such a test. A life insurance company or fraternal benefit society requiring a genetic test for the purpose of determining insurability for life insurance must obtain informed written consent. A violation is subject to the investigative and enforcement authority of the insurance commissioner. |
Rhode Island | State StatuteRhode Island: RIGL 27-18.5-2, 27-18.6-2, 27-18.6-3, and 27-50-3 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | In the statute sections pertaining to large group, individual health insurance and small employer health insurance a health status-related factor is defined to include genetic information, and pre-existing condition exclusions may not be based on genetic information the absence of a diagnosis. |
Texas | State StatuteTexas TS (Civil Practice and Remedies) Code 74.052 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Privacy | Statute | Pertains to medical authorization required to release protected health information in a health care liability claim. Allows the patient or patient's personal or legal representative to exclude genetic information from the authorization. |
California | State StatuteCalifornia: Cal. Government Code 12920 et seq.and 11135 | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | These statute sections contain provisions from 2011 CA SB 559, referred to as CalGINA. The opportunity to seek, obtain, and hold employment without discrimination because of genetic information, is recognized as a civil right. It is an unlawful employment practice, unless based on a bonafide occupational qualification, to subject any employee, applicant or other person to a test for the presence of a genetic characteristic. In addition, a person in the State of California may not, on the basis of genetic information, be unlawfully denied full and equal access to the benefits of, or be unlawfully subjected to discrimination under, any program or activity that is conducted, operated, or administered by the state or by any state agency, is funded directly by the state, or receives any financial assistance from the state. |
Maryland | State StatuteMaryland: Public Utilities 17-401 et seq. | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | Prohibits the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission from discriminating against a person on the basis of genetic information. Requires that contracts entered into by the Commission include a provision stating that contractors will not to discriminate in any manner against an employee or an applicant for employment based on a variety of factors, including genetic information. |
New York | State StatuteNew York: NYCL (EXC) law 292 and 296 | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | An employer or labor organization may not discriminate against employees, applicants or members based on a predisposing genetic characteristic. An employer or employment agency may not print or circulate materials or use a form of application that discriminate based on a predisposing genetic characteristic. Additional provisions apply to employers, labor organizations, employment agencies, and licensing agencies. A genetic test may be required as a condition of employment if directly related to possible increased risk of disease in the work environment or, with informed consent, for workers compensation and to determine susceptibility to toxins found in the workplace environment. |
Florida | State StatuteFlorida: FS 626.9706 et seq. | Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Insurers may not refuse to issue or deliver any policy of life insurance or disability insurance that affords certain services and benefits or impose a higher premium rate or charge for those policies solely because the person to be insured has the sickle-cell trait. |
Kansas | State StatuteKansas: KSA 40-2209, 40-2209p, 40-2257, and 40-2259 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | The statutes restrict the use of genetic tests, information about whether an individual or family member has obtained a genetic test, and test results by a health insurance company, health maintenance organization, nonprofit medical and hospital, dental, optometric or pharmacy corporation, or a group subject to K.S.A. 12-2616 et seq. offering group policies and certificates of coverage or individual policies providing hospital, medical or surgical expense benefits. These entities may not require any individual, as a condition of enrollment or continued enrollment, higher premiums or contributions or than a similarly situated individual based on a genetic test or adjust premium or contribution amounts based on a genetic test. An accident or sickness insurer may not deny coverage based on a health status-related factors, including genetic information, and group policies providing hospital, medical or surgical expense benefits may not impose pre-existing condition exclusions based on genetic information in the absence of a diagnosis. The use of such information by an insurer writing life insurance, disability income insurance or long-term care insurance coverage also is restricted unless it is for the purpose of writing life insurance coverage. Life, disability income or long-term care insurers also may not provide for rates or any other aspect of coverage that is not reasonably related to the risk involved. |
Nebraska | State StatuteNebraska: NRS 48-236 | Employment Nondiscrimination | Statute | An employer may not discriminate against an employee or applicant because of genetic information that is unrelated to the ability to perform the duties of a particular job or position. An employer also may not require an employee or applicant to submit to a genetic test or to provide genetic information as a condition of employment or promotion. An employee may voluntarily submit genetic information that is related to heath and safety in the workplace. |
Arizona | State StatuteArizona: ARS 12-2801 et seq. | Privacy, Research | Statute | Information derived from genetic testing my only be released to the person tested or others with written authorization from the person tested with some exceptions, including but not limited to (1) a researcher for medical research and public health purposes, only if the research is conducted pursuant to applicable federal or state laws and regulations, (2) if the identity of the individual providing the sample is not disclosed to the person collecting and conducting research; or (3) a third person if approved by a human subjects review committee or human ethics committee, with respect to persons who are subject to a state cancer registry. The law also places restrictions on disclosure or compelling disclosure, requires consent from a parent or legal guardian of a minor to conduct genetic testing other than newborn screening, and requires written informed consent for genetic testing by health care providers with some exceptions. |
Idaho | State StatuteIdaho: IC 72-438 | Other Topics | Statute | If a firefighter is diagnosed with breast cancer after five years of employment, and the disease was not revealed during an initial employment medical screening examination, then the disease is presumed to be proximately caused by the firefighter's employment as a firefighter. The presumption applies to breast cancer diagnosed before the age of forty (40) years and when a breast cancer 1 or breast cancer 2 genetic predisposition is not present. |
Louisiana | State StatuteLouisiana: LRS 22:918 | Other Lines of Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Prohibits life and long-term care insurers, in determining eligibility for coverage, establishing premiums, limiting coverage, or making any other underwriting decisions from doing the following: (1) taking into consideration the fact that an individual or a family member of the individual participated in genetic research, including any request for or receipt of genetic services or participation by an individual or family member in clinical research that includes genetic services, unless the results of that genetic research are included in the individual's medical record or provided by the individual for consideration by the insurer; or (2) requiring or requesting an individual or a family member of the individual to take a genetic test. Additionally prohibits life and long-term care insurers from canceling or refusing to renew an existing policy based on (1) the fact that an individual or a family member of the individual requested or received genetic services; (2) the fact that an individual or a family member of the individual participated in genetic research, including clinical research that includes genetic services; or (3) purchasing genetic information about an individual without the individual's written consent. Insures may consider genetic information contained in an applicant's medical record if the information is relevant to a potential medical condition that impacts mortality or morbidity, and consideration of the genetic information is based on sound actuarial principles or reasonably expected experience. |
New Hampshire | State StatuteNew Hampshire: NHS 132:10-a | Use of Residual Newborn Screening Specimens | Statute | Samples may not be used for other research or DNA testing purposes unless authorized by the parent or guardian. |
Utah | State StatuteUtah: UC 31A-1-301, 31A-22-620, 31A-22-1602 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Genetic information may not be treated as a pre-existing condition in the absence of a diagnosis. The genetic testing privacy act, which prohibits health insurance discrimination, is applicable to insurers except as permitted under the Medicare Supplement Minimum Standards Act. The insurance commissioner may adopt rules regarding nondiscrimination for genetic testing or genetic information in Medicare supplement policies and certificates. |
Colorado | State StatuteColorado: CRS 10-16-02 | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Health-status related factor is defined to include genetic information in Title 10 Article 16, which pertains to health care coverage. |
Michigan | State StatuteMichigan: MCL 500.3829a | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination, Privacy | Statute | Insurers that provide Medicare supplement policies or certificates only may not deny or condition the issuance or effectiveness of insurance, including pre-existing condition exclusions, on the basis of genetic information. Insurers of these policies or certificates may not (1) discriminate with respect to pricing on the basis of genetic information, (2) request or require an individual or family member to undergo a genetic test (with an exception regarding requesting a test), or (3) use the manifestation of disease in an individual as genetic information about another group members and to further increase premiums for the group. Insurers may request a genetic test from an individual or family member only if the request is pursuant to research that applies to the Common Rule and other criteria are met. |
Oklahoma | State StatuteOklahoma: OS 21-1175 | Use of Residual Newborn Screening Specimens | Statute | Parental consent is required to store, transfer, use or database DNA from any newborn child. |
Arkansas | State StatuteArkansas: Ark. Code 23-79-140 | Health Insurance Coverage | Statute | Accident and health insurance companies, hospital service corporations, health maintenance organizations, or other accident and health insurance providers must offer coverage, as an essential health benefit, for mammogram screening, mammography and breast ultrasound for the diagnosis of breast disease. Coverage is required upon the recommendation of a physician without regard to age when a woman has (1) a prior history of breast cancer, (2) her mother or sister has a history of breast cancer, (3) positive genetic testing, or (4) other risk factors. |
Maryland | State StatuteMaryland: Md. Health Code 13-2001 et seq. | Research | Statute | The law prohibits research using a human subject unless the person conducts the research in accordance with the federal regulations on the protection of human subjects. |
New Jersey | State StatuteNew Jersey: NJS 17B-27-54, 17B-27-57 17B-27-64, 17B:27A-2 and 17B:… | Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | A group health plan may not establish rules for eligibility or continued eligibility based on health status-related factors, including genetic information, or impose a pre-existing condition exclusion based on genetic information in the absence of a diagnosis. Health status-related factor also is defined to include genetic information applicable to sections 1 to 15 of chapter 17B:27A, and the definition of pre-existing condition excludes genetic information in the absence of a diagnosis under provisions applicable to small employer health benefit plans. |
Washington | State StatuteWashington: RCW 40.26.010 et seq. | Privacy | Statute | Modifies the state privacy law pertaining to biometric information by adding DNA to the definition of biometric identifiers. Provides an exception for law enforcement agencies. |
District of Columbia | State StatuteDC Official Code 2-1401.01 et seq. | Employment Nondiscrimination, Health Insurance Nondiscrimination | Statute | Employers, employment agencies and labor organizations may not discriminate based on genetic information with some exceptions such as to investigate a workers' compensation claim. A health benefit plan or health insurer may not establish rules for the eligibility or adjust premium or contribution amounts for an individual on the basis of genetic information concerning the individual or his/her family member, including information about a request for or receipt of genetic services by an individual or the individual's family member. Health insurers also may not require or request a genetic test. |
Missouri | State StatuteMissouri: MRS 191.331 | Use of Residual Newborn Screening Specimens | Statute | A residual newborn screening specimen is retained for five years after initial submission to the department. After five years specimens are destroyed. Unless otherwise directed, a biological specimen may be released for anonymous scientific study. At the time of collection, the parent or legal guardian of the child from whom a biological specimen was obtained may direct the department to: (1) Return a biological specimen that remains after all screening tests have been performed; (2) Destroy a biological specimen in a scientifically acceptable manner after all screening tests required have been performed; or (3) Store a biological specimen but not release the biological specimen for anonymous scientific study. A biological specimen released for anonymous study may not contain information that may be used to determine the identity of the donor. The department has authority over the use, retention, and disposal of biological specimens and related information collected in connection with newborn screening tests. The use of such specimens and related information is for public health purposes and must comply with all applicable provisions of federal law. The department may charge a reasonable fee for the use of such specimens for public health research and preparing and supplying specimens for research proposals approved by the department. |
Last updated: February 8, 2024